The Transformation of Terrorism Essay - 2150 Words

Terrorism like any other political concepts has encountered various definitions by different scholars and organizations. It has no precise or broadly accepted definition, but to put it in a description way, it would be simply stating terrorism as â€Å"a violence or the threat of violence calculated to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm – in a word, to terrorize- and thereby bring about some social or political change† (Rapoport, 2002). Furthermore, the term of terrorism has been defined by the U.S. Department of Defense, which is defined as â€Å" the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally†¦show more content†¦However, over the past half century, its meaning has been changed to the use of violence by ‘small groups’ to accomplish a political change (Baylis et al, 2008:372). Thus, it can be argue d that the main reason of facing challenge to define the term Terrorism is perhaps because the meaning has changed so often in the past two hundred years. The following waves (dynamic period) will explain the history of terrorism to be more familiar with the term Terrorism. First Wave: Anarchist Wave. A Doctrine Creation? The anarchist initiated the first wave, and also they were the first experience of international terrorism in history, which began in 1880s and stayed for almost about 40 years. Their primary strategy was campaigns assassinations against the prominent officials. In the beginning, it was a political violence wave that inspired by the ideas of anarchist, and later was marked as â€Å"anarchist terrorism† (Kegley, 2003:38). They initiated their activities by traditional revolutionaries and spreading pamphlets and books so that uprising will be resulted in, but then no longer could this process produce huge uprisings. Later, they realized that this way will not be adequately influential â€Å"idle word spillers!† a â€Å"new form of communication† was necessary to be heard and command respect. â€Å"Propaganda by the Deed† was the new form to spread their ideas thatShow MoreRelatedGlobal Change Requires Awakenin g By Frances Power Cobbe949 Words   |  4 Pagesbarriers that prevent personal and social transformation, one needs to look outside of their own advancements when considering a more collaborative society. For instance, the word â€Å"terrorism† is a notion that dominates our society constantly. Terrorism itself means â€Å"a form of politically motivated violence† (Richard, 116). As a society we continue to be attracted to concepts of violence and ignore the underlining issues that prevent achieving global transformation, and becoming a more connected societyRead MoreReligion And Violence Is Currently One Of The Most Recurrent1623 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to the numerous terrorist actions that consistently occur. These incidents raise multiple questions that the authors of the articles tried to answer by treating different aspects that intersect with religion and violence such as politics and terrorism. The authors of these articles share a lot of ideas and assump tions while simultaneously disagree on others and try to explain certain aspects differently. First of all, the comparative analysis of the articles shows that the authors agree that theRead MoreEssay on Homegrown Terrorism1342 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A United States citizen turning against one’s own government and embracing an ideology to kill another citizen or commit an act of violence is a growing phenomenon commonly known as homegrown terrorism. This transition or radicalization process that transforms an individual into an adversary has intensified since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The problem continues to persist in other parts of the world such as Canada, United KingdomRead MoreTerrorism And The Global Terrorism Database Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) through the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) through the University of Maryland from 1970 through 1999 there were on average six terror attacks per day across the globe for this thirty year period resulting in about a 70,000 total attacks. Now if we look at the twenty-first century we have a similar story. From 2000 through 2014 the world experi enced about 72,000 total attacks. However, this is concerning because this is aRead MoreThe U.s. Military Response985 Words   |  4 Pagesmany commentators have suggested that there has been a notable transformation in international law regarding state responsibility for terrorist acts. This essay aims to argue that such change has been significant and it has satisfactorily countenanced states’ response to terrorism by presenting evidence of new state practice plus opinio juris in this area. To do so, this essay will first discuss the controversial concept of terrorism and its relevance to the legal framework for the use of armed forceRead MoreSuicide Terrorism And Islamic Fundamentalism991 Words   |  4 Pageschallenges the views about why suicide terrorists do what they do and to whom. Pape is trying to convey that suicide terrorism is rising around the world (Pape pg. 6). Since many terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by Muslim terrorist motivated by religious beliefs, it makes people think that Islamic fundamentalism is the central cause. 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The Department Of Justice has had to address evolving challenges such as mortgageRead MoreThe Four Major Threats to the Global Community and the Planet1332 Words   |  5 Pagesconcern, and they are: a) Environmental challenges (global climate change and the environmental degradation that will result from the warming of the planet); b) Global Security / Terrorism (the unpredictable and undisciplined application of military power due to the changing nature of nations and states, e.g., terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, human rights violations, ethnic conflict, genocide and ideologically-based isolation); c) Poverty and Disease (hunger, AIDS/HIV, enormous refugee campsRead MoreThe War On Terror Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagescounterterrorism actions, just in case. Who can say the intelligence is wrong? How can citizens even weigh the facts when government keeps most of them secret? War on terror is useful for the President, but irrational for the nation. Terrorism is not an enemy; it is a method of using violence to gain political objectives. Its tactics are usually employed by weaker, irregular groups against governments that possess organized armies and the modern means for waging war formally andRead MoreRole and Influence of Religion on Conflicts1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat religion is not a primary source of conflicts and violent strife. According to him, most often than not, religion is used only to legitimize, but not motivate conflicts. However, Jonathan Fox states that religion is one of the motivators of terrorism. The impact of religion on conflicts is also increasing over the years. Similarly in Nigeria, religion was not the central source of conflicts at the time of colonization or even after independence. However, its role has increased through time